Editorial La_Riba Vol. 7, No. 1, Juli 2013

Dalam beberapa waktu terakhir lembaga keuangan syariah diterpa sejumlah persoalan berkaitan dengan tata kelola. Pada level perbankan kita mendengar gugatan nasabah pada sebuah bank syariah nasional berkaitan dengan produk keuangan yang berhubungan dengan logam mulia. Sedangkan pada level lembaga keuangan mikro, kita juga mendengar adanya manajemen lembaga keuangan syariah yang membawa kabur dana nasabah. Sejumlah persoalan yang muncul ini memang tidak sebesar kasus-kasus sejenis di lembaga keuangan konvensional, namun mengingat semangat mengembangkan keuangan syariah tengah dibangun di tanah air, maka masalah semacam ini layak menjadi perhatian.

Lembaga keuangan syariah dalam konteks Indonesia pada dasarnya telah memiliki sejumlah koridor atura hukum yang mengamanatkan perlunya penguatan tata kelola. Melalui sejumlah undang-undang dan peraturan Bank Indonesia misalnya, lembaga keuangan syariah bank dituntut memiliki sistem pengawasan yang memadai dengan melibatkan Dewan Pengawas Syariah sebagai kepanjangan tangan dari Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Selain itu, pengawasan eksternal melalui masyarakat yang semakin kritis dan cerdas juga menjadi salah satu tambahan bagi penguatan tata kelola lembaga keuangan syariah. Karenanya menjadi menarik dan layak untuk dikaji lebih mendalam lagi mengapa sejumlah masalah tata kelola ini muncul.

Untuk itulah, Redaksi Jurnal Ekonomi Islam La_Riba Prodi Ekonomi Islam FIAI UII mengangkat topik “Good Corporate Governance dalam Lembaga Keuangan Syariah” pada penerbitan kali ini. Sejumlah artikel terkait  topik ini dihadirkan dalam edisi kali ini diantaranya “IMPLEMENTASI GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN PERAN DEWAN PENGAWAS SYARIAH DI BANK SYARIAH” oleh Akhmad Faozan, “KILAS KEBIJAKAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA” oleh Bayu Tri Cahya, “KONSEP PENGAWASAN, KERANGKA AUDIT SYARIAH, DAN TATA KELOLA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH” oleh Minarni, “STUDI KEPATUHAN SYARIAH DAN MANFAAT EKONOMI TERHADAP MINAT INVESTOR DALAM PEMBELIAN SUKUK NEGARA” oleh Aan Nasrullah, Umar Burhan, dan Multifiah dan “POTRET FILANTROPI ISLAM DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA” oleh Nur Kholis, Soya Sobaya, Yuli Andriansyah, dan Muhammad Iqbal.

Selain artikel-artikel tersebut, edisi ini juga mencakup artikel tentang ekonomi Islam lainnya seperti “PENGARUH FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL DAN RISIKO SISTEMATIK TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM DI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH (STUDI EMPIRIS JII DI BEI TAHUN 2007-2010)” oleh Fitri Aulianisa dan “ANALISIS METODE BAGI HASIL PRODUK TABUNGAN INVESTA CENDEKIA PADA BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI KCP KATAMSO YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2011“ oleh Retno Intansari Rahmawati.

Pada edisi mendatang Redaksi akan mengangkat topik “Politik dan Kebijakan Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia dan Dunia”. Untuk itu, Redaksi mengundang para pakar, pegiat, peneliti, dan akademisi bidang ekonomi Islam untuk ikut menyumbangkan pemikiran dan penelitiannya. Semoga persembahan pada edisi ini menjadi kontribusi dalam mengembangkan ekonomi Islam di Indonesia tercinta.

Daftar Isi La_Riba Vol. 7, No. 1, Juli 2013

IMPLEMENTASI GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN PERAN DEWAN PENGAWAS SYARIAH DI BANK SYARIAH

Akhmad Faozan

Abstrak

Seiring perkembangan bank syariah sebagaimana tampak pada beragamnya produk dan jasa yang diberikan, maka penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik di lembaga keuangan ini pun semakin penting. Penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik pada bank syariah hendaknya mengacu pada lima prinsip yaitu transparansi, akuntabilitas, tanggung jawab, dan kewajaran. Untuk menerapkan prinsip-prinsip tersebut, bank harus menyesuaikan dengan prinsip Islam dalam operasional perbankan. Oleh karena itu, peranan Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) dalam penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik pada bank syariah menjadi sangat penting untuk mengawasi dan menjamin bahwa operasional bank telah sesuai dengan prinsip Islam. Peranan DPS dalam penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik pada bank syariah meliputi mengontrol, menilai, dan mensupervisi aktivitas pada lembaga keuangan syariah untuk menjamin kesesuaian dengan prinsip dan aturan syariah. DPS juga harus mendiseminasikan dan mengedukasi masyarakat melalui media yang ada di masyarakat seperti khutbah maupun majlis ta’lim.

Kata Kunci: tata kelola perusahaan yang baik, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, bank syariah

KILAS KEBIJAKAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Bayu Tri Cahya

Abstrak

Artikel ini menjelaskan perkembangan dan implementasi tata kelola perusahaan yang baik pada bank syariah di Indonesia. Kajian dilakukan dengan studi pustaka dengan mengacu pada sejumlah kajian terdahulu dan produk perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola perusahaan yang baik menjadi penting bagi institusi termasuk bank syariah untuk melaksanakan perbaikan demi meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan pemilik saham maupun pihak lain yang berkepentingan. Dalam perspektif Islam, tata kelola perusahaan diharapkan menjadi fondasi utama dalam mencapai tujuan perusahaan dan juga untuk melindungi kesejahteraan umum. Dalam konteks Indonesia, Bank Indonesia telah meluncurkan sejumlah aturan mengenai tata kelola perusahaan untuk bank pada 2006. Aturan ini kemudian disempurnakan pada 2009 khusus untuk bank dan unit bisnis syariah.

Kata Kunci: tata kelola perusahaan, bank syariah, unit usaha syariah

KONSEP PENGAWASAN, KERANGKA AUDIT SYARIAH, DAN TATA KELOLA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH

Minarni

Abstrak

Artikel ini menganalisis beberapa konsep penting, yaitu pengawasan pada lembaga keuangan syariah, kerangka audit syariah, dan tata kelola perusahaan bagi lembaga keuangan syariah. Kajian dilakukan dengan studi pustaka mengacu pada kajian terdahulu terkait topik yang relevan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pengawasan pada bank syariah, audit syariah dan tata kelola perusahaan tidak berarti dapat menggantikan tugas manajemen bank dan tidak menjamin bank bebas dari krisis, kerugian maupun kebangkrutan. Untuk itu Bank Indonesia hendaknya mendukung kegiatan pengawasan perbankan Syariah yang  melibatkan DSN dan DPS. Audit syariah juga hendaknya dijalankan sesuai standar audit AAOFI. Sedangkan tata kelola perusahaan hendaklah dimaksimalkan agar memenuhi tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan.

Kata Kunci: pengawasan lembaga keuangan syariah, audit syariah, tata kelola perusahaan yang baik

STUDI KEPATUHAN SYARIAH DAN MANFAAT EKONOMI TERHADAP MINAT INVESTOR DALAM PEMBELIAN SUKUK NEGARA

Aan Nasrullah, Umar Burhan, dan Multifiah

Abstrak

Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk menentukan pengaruh variabel kesesuaian syariah dan manfaat ekonomis terhadap investor dalam membeli sukuk negara dan untuk menentukan mana diantara kedua variabel tersebut yang paling berpengaruh terhadap keputusan investor dalam membeli sukuk negara. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif sedangkan estimasi datanya dilakukan dengan regresi time-series model OLS. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian syariah dan manfaat ekonomi mempengaruhi keputusan investor membeli sukuk negara secara signifikan meskipun variabel paling berpengaruh adalah suku bunga. Temuan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tingginya pembelian sukuk negara lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh variabel spekulatif. Dengan demikian sukuk negara perlu diperbaiki dan disempurnakan agar sesuai dengan tujuan dan fungsinya untuk mendorong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pasar keuangan syariah.

Kata Kunci: kesesuaian syariah, manfaat ekonomis, kepentingan investor, sukuk negara

POTRET FILANTROPI ISLAM DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Nur Kholis, Soya Sobaya, Yuli Andriansyah, Muhammad Iqbal

Abstrak

Kajian ini meneliti filantropi Islam di Propinsi DI Yogyakarta dengan mengacu pada manajemen internal, strategi fundraising, dan pengelolaan dan pendistribusian dana pada badan amil zakat (BAZ) dan lembaga amil zakat (LAZ). Metode yang digunakan meliputi kuisioner dan wawancara dengan pengelola lembaga keuangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa lembaga filantropi yang beroperasi mencapai enam belas organisasi pengelola zakat (OPZ). OPZ yang aktif telah melaksanakan standar manajemen organisasi internal, strategi fundraising, pengelolaan dan penyaluran dana, dan pola pengawasan dan transparansi, dengan derajat yang berbeda sesuai kapabilitas lembaga. BAZ dan LAZ di lembaga pemerintahan mengandalkan pemotongan gaji dalam strategi fundrisingnya, sedangkan LAZ umum mengandalkan kreativitas program dan akuntabilitas lembaga. Distribusi dana diperuntukkan bagi untuk fakir miskin, beasiswa pelajar, memberikan pelatihan, korban bencana alam, kegiatan-kegiatan produktif, dan pinjaman qordhul hasan atau modal bergulir yang berbentuk permanen. Baru enam OPZ yang memiliki DPS. Akuntabilitas langsung OPZ kepada kebijakan pimpinan lembaga diwujudkan dalam bentuk laporan rutin.

Kata Kunci: filantropi Islam, manajemen internal, strategi fundraising, pengelolaaan dan pendistribusian dana, akuntabilitas

PENGARUH FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL DAN RISIKO SISTEMATIK TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM DI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH (STUDI EMPIRIS JII DI BEI TAHUN 2007-2010)

Fitri Aulianisa

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisa pengaruh faktor fundamental dan risiko sistemik terhadap harga saham delapan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) selama 2007-2010. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dan pengumpulan data laporan keuangan. Regresi berganda digunakan untuk menganalisa pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen dengan uji t maupun uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya ROA dan NPM yang memiliki hubungan tidak searah dengan harga saham sedangkan variabel lainnya memiliki hubungan yang searah. Adapun uji parsial dengan derajat keyakinan 5% menunjukkan hanya dua variabel yaitu EPS dan PER yang memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap harga saham dan variabel lainnya terbukti tidak memiliki dampak.

Kata Kunci: analisis fundamental, harga saham, faktor fundamental, risiko sistemik

ANALISIS METODE BAGI HASIL PRODUK TABUNGAN INVESTA CENDEKIA PADA BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI KCP KATAMSO YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2011

Retno Intansari Rahmawati

Abstrak

Kajian ini menganalisis kesesuaian Produk Tabungan Investa Cendekia, salah satu produk keuangan pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Katamso Yogyakarta, terhadap ketentuan syariah. Ketentuan syariah yang dimaksud meliputi implementasi kontrak, proses penentuan rasio bagi hasil keuntungan, dan mekanisme operasional produk tersebut. Metode yang digunakan mencakup observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan supervisor dan costumer service yang mengetahui produk keuangan ini. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa akad yang digunakan pada Produk Tabungan Investa Cendekia adalah mudhârabah muthlaqah, the customer as shâhibul mâl (pemilik modal) dan bank sebagai mudhârib (pengelola). Keuntungan bagi hasil pada produk ini dihitung berdasarkan saldo rata-rata harian dan akan dibukukan ke rekening tabungan. Operasional produk ini sudah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah sebagaimana diatur dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI.

Kata Kunci: tabungan, investasi, bagi hasil, bancassurance, Tabungan Investa Cendekia

Ucapan Terima Kasih Mitra Bestari La_Riba Vol. 7, No. 1, Juni 2013

Kriteria Naskah La_Riba

Prospek Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Sebagai Representasi Kebangkitan Sistem Ekonomi Islam Di Tengah Konstelasi Ekonomi Internasional

Ulfa Jamilatul Farida

Abstract

This article aims to oversee the prospect of Islamic Development Bank (IDB) to accelerate the rise of Islamic economic system around the globe. The potential rule of IDB is examined through several international relations theory in library research. The result concludes that IDB has potentially high capacity to be representative of the rise Islamic economic system in the international competition environment. The prosperity and wealth of Muslim nations could be gained only if the network and cooperation among them can be implemented so that integration and political community can be developed as decision maker for Muslim affairs. Through IDB as manifestation of an international Muslim country, an Islamic system can be realized, especially in the economy, but it requires network and loyalty of Muslim countries.

Kata kunci: Islamic Development Bank, globalisasi, ekonomi internasional

Membangun Zakat Sebagai Upaya Membangun Masyarakat

Asnaini

Abstrak

This article aims to analyze the right and contextual uses of zakat as social tools in contemporary Muslim society in which poverty is a common phenomenon. Those who live in poverty suffer many difficulties in improving the quality of their lives. The need for proper education and healthcare decrease their capacity to consume. This situation makes them unable to access more economic resources so that their share of development becomes less. In such economic and social situation, zakat is endorsed as stabilizer and balancer for people living in poor to enable them survive and even sustain and gain strength to compete. For this issue, zakat emerges with a bright future for people development and hence requires a more professional management.

Kata Kunci: zakat, pembangunan, masyarakat

Pengelolaan Zakat Oleh Badan Amil Zakat Daerah Kabupaten / Kota Se Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Studi terhadap Implementasi Undang-Undang No.38 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengelolaan Zakat)

M. Sularno

Abstract

This research is aimed to analyze the management of zakah conducted by Regional Zakah Organization or Badan Amil Zakat Daerah (abbreviated BAZDA) in Yogyakarta Special Province. Management of zakah by BAZDA is evaluated to meet the legal requirements of Act No. 38 of 1999 on Management of Zakah and Ministry of Religion Affairs Decree No 373 of 2003 on Implementation of Management of Zakah Act. The result indicates that BAZDAs in Yogyakarta Special Province have fulfilled the above laws in institutional organizing, administration, collecting, distributing, and utilizing the benefit of zakah. At some point, some weaknesses arise mainly in the fact that the member of organizations does his job additional one, the lack of standardized reward system, the lack of board of controller and permanent office, a very limited muzakki awareness on BAZDAs as zakah organizations so that they pay directly to mustahiq, .and the lack of zakah regulation.

Keywords : Badan Amil Zakat Daerah, Undang-undang Pengelolaan Zakat, Pengumpulan zakat, dan distribusi zakat.

Manajemen Zakat Pasca Kebijakan Pemerintah Tentang Zakat Sebagai Pengurang Penghasilan Kena Pajak

Uzaifah

Abstrak

This research is taken in order to analyze the implementation of zakat and tax policy in Indonesia as well as to discuss management changes in zakah organization after a new policy regulated in 2003 was implemented. The research is a field research using the documentation, interviews, and literacy study as method to obtain data. The data then will be analyzed using descriptive and interpretative method. The subjects of the research are BAZIS of DIY Province and KPP Pratama Yogyakarta as representative zakah and tax organization based on purposive sampling method. The result shows that government policy has been applied in the Zakah Administration Organization and Tax Services Office in accordance with the regulations in the Act. Zakah management does not change after this policy compared to before it presence. Although the amount of funds collected decreases, the cause was from external factor, i.e. the splitting of the zakah administration organization in DIY into the six organizations.

Keywords: Management, Zakah, Tax, Policy.

Wakaf Produktif Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

Fahmi Medias

Abstract

This article is aimed to oversee the rule and significance of cash waqf in Indonesia as a new social tool to alleviate poverty. Library research is employed to analyze the development of cash waqf in Indonesia. Cash waqf is introduced as a new concept of waqf to solve many social problems in society. In Indonesia it has been legalized by both Islamic scholar and national law so that Muslims have a chance to maximize its utilization. To improve and extend cash waqf functions for social purposes it is important to every waqf organization to develop its human resources capacity, mainly in its professionalism, commitment, and understanding of cash waqf importance for development.

Kata kunci: Waqaf tunai, Waqaf produktif, Ekonomi Islam

Wakaf Tunai Sebagai Alternatif Mekanisme Redistribusi Keuangan Islam

Syafrudin Arif

Abstract

Waqf itself is a principle that entails generous applications in developing the non-profit, nongovernmental sector and increasing the quantity of welfare services to improve socio-economic welfare of a society. This provides justification for theoretical studies of the application of Awqaf and the development of their properties in Muslim countries and communities. The cash waqf is expected to be an alternative instruments for the poverty alleviation programs. In the Islamic socioeconomic concept, there is a source of social fund that is economically and politically free of charge, namely cash waqf. The objective of the paper is to investigate how this institution can be used in contemporary times to solve economic problems in Muslim society, especially in Indonesia. It is believed that if the potency of waqf is empowered by productive method, it will give more contribution to redistribute assets and opportunities, capacity building and wealth creation, and to extend income support.

Kata kunci: wakaf tunai, potensi, redistributif, kemiskinan (cash waqf, potentiallity, redistributive, poverty)

Bunga Bank : Abdullah Saeed vs Yusuf Qaradhawi (Sebuah Dialektika Pemikiran antara Kaum Modernis dengan Neo-Revivalis)

Wartoyo

Abstrak

This article aims to discuss the term of riba in the modernist and neo-revivalists thought as represented in Abdullah Saeed and Yusuf Qaradhawi different opinion on it. The difference between the modernist and neo-revivalists in usury problem stems from differences in the understanding and interpretation of the verses of the Koran that speak about it. Contextuality of the modernists put the text forward the law, so that the conventional view that bank interest is not the same as usury, while the neo-revivalist view that the problem of usury should be seated as a final assessment as mentioned in the Koran, in which each of the additional capital is usury and haram.

Keyword: Riba, interest, Modernis, Revivalis.

Resensi Buku: Format Keuangan Publik yang Islami

Fajar Hidayanto

Bahwa ekonomi Islam sebagai salah satu disiplin ilmu berbasis ajaran dan nilai-nilai Islam, ternyata mengalami perkembangan sangat pesat justru pada saat ekonomi neoliberal telah menjadi mainstream global. Perkembangan tersebut ditandai dengan studi ekonomi Islam yang telah diajarkan di Negara-negara muslim dan beberapa universitas di Eropa, USA dan Australia.Perkembangan sistem ekonomi Islam juga ditandai dengan lahirnya lembaga perbankan dan lembaga keuanan Islam non bank di belahan dunia.

 

Akar Krisis Ekonomi Global dan Dampaknya Terhadap Indonesia

Edy Suandi Hamid

Abstract

In the last two years, the world economy witnesses three type of crises emerging, namely fuel, food, and financial crises. Facing this crisis, Indonesian economy should indeed be ready for any short-term and long-term shocks to maintain sustainability of its performance. Based on these situations, this paper is aimed to oversee the nature of financial crisis and its effect on Indonesian economy. The study in this paper indicates that current financial crisis is an undeniable evidence of capitalism failure mainly caused by its paradigm and basic ideas which neglect the humanity. For this reason, turning economics back to meet the human needs and its philosophy is urgently required. Indonesia is still affected by current financial crisis and it is an important moment to evaluate capitalism-oriented economic policies as well as to oversee its suitable nature economic system which is relevant to the way of its people life.

Keyword: financial crisis, Indonesian economy, market fundamentalism.

 

Dampak Krisis Keuangan Global terhadap Perbankan di Indonesia: Perbandingan antara Bank Konvensional dan Bank Syariah

Heri Sudarsono

Abstact

This article traces to analyze the impact of global financial crisis to Indonesian banking condition, a comparison between shari’ah and conventional bank. It starts with description about the root of financial crisis and its impact to Indonesian financial sector. Both shari’ah and conventional bank face the effects of the crisis and react to Bank Indonesia policy. As Bank Indonesia raises BI rate, conventional bank increases its interest as response to policy which mean businessmen have to pay higher for money they borrow from bank. Such a condition makes businessmen move to shari’ah bank in which its profit and losing share financing system make them pay the same amount as they borrow. The article concludes that sharia banking is stronger than conventional bank in facing financial crisis.

Keywords: global financial crisis, shari’ah and conventional bank

 

Krisis Keuangan Global dan Upaya Aktualisasi Ekonomi Islam

Nuruddin Mhd Ali

Abstract

2008 financial crisis is believed as the worst during the history. Many says that neither this is the first and nor the last. The discussions on the background are still on progress. Howover, some causes are indicated to be responsible for the crisis such as strategic complementarities, leverage, asset-liquidity mismatch, regulatory failure, fraud, contagion effect, and lack of liquidity. Without ignoring those factors, according to sharia economics view there are other causes contribute to the current crisis such as involving interest (or riba in general), gharar, maysir, and tadlis in mainstream global financial transactions. Furthermore, bad modern human lifestyles such as debt-based transactions also play an important role to cause the crisis. This article is an attempt to discuss this problem from Islamic economic approach. It would suggest some ideas to prevent any kind of financial crisis in the future. They are ereasing financial operations involving riba, gharar, maysir, and tadlis in financial transactions, promoting equity financing, strengthening small business enterprises, aligning financial and real sectors, and revitalization of gold dinar.

Keywords: financial crisis, Islamic finance, dinar-dirham.

Menggugat Sistem Kapitalisme

Indah Piliyanti

Abstract

The whole world is now in the grip of a financial crisis which is far more serious than any experienced since the Great Depression 1930. Mid of 2008, we all surprise that financial market down stairs seriously day by day. The US goverment has bailout more than three trillion dollars toward a number of industrial countries to abate somewhat the intensity of the crisis. The US goverment policy oppose capitalism paradigm: laissez faire. This article tries to discuss about capitalisme; history and the development in the global era. This economic system was fail overcome economic crises, even capitalism known as a cause of global financial crisis wordwide.

Keywords: economic crises, capitalism paradigm, Amerika, great depression.

 

Islam dan Pluralitas Paham Ekonomi

Addiarrahman

Abstract

This article aims to explore the relationship between Islam (Islamic economy) and many different economic thoughts existing in the world. Islamic economy, since its existence, has established what is called superiority claim that lead its followers to blame other economic thoughts, mainly capitalism, socialism, and new classics. The superiority claim has been a boomerang for Islamic economy to establish an economic system based on Qur’an and hadith because of its counter attack from other economic thoughts followers. Using historic-sociologic approach combined with communicative active theory of Jurgen Habermas, the article tries to make a new silaturahim between Islam and economic thoughts to eliminate negative effects of the claim. It concludes that the fall of conventional economic system which is based on existing economic thoughts is an opportunity for Islamic economy to raises as long as its followers have a willing to communicate actively with previously existing economic thoughts.

Keywords: Islamic economy, economic thoughts, superiority claim, and communication active theory

 

Urgensi Hukum Perikatan Islam dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah

Achmad Fauzi

Abstract

This article is aimed to oversee sharia economic legal lawsuit through litigation in court with analyzing judge capability in this lawsuit. This issue is important because every sharia economic activities is based on what contract (akad) contains. The article analyses law of engagement based on Indonesia civil law or Borgelijk Wetboek (BW), law of convention based on sharia economic law compilation, sharia court authority, and sharia economic lawsuit solution steps through litigation. It concludes that a judge should able to dig material justice, including in civil law so her/his decision aimed to reform and invention of law (rechtsvinding). As a new jurisdiction to sharia court, sharia economic lawsuit has still a few law instruments that imply the need for a judge to oversee justice values living in people. Formulation of sharia economic law decision should not be separated from sharia law of engagement.

Keywords: sharia economic, sharia law, legal, civil law, jurisdiction.

 

Analisis Resiko dan Pengembalian Hasil pada Perbankan Syariah: Aplikasi Metode VaR dan RAROC pada Bank Syariah Mandiri

Yudho Prabowo

Abstract

The aim of this research is to comprehend the size of financial risk of investment on Islamic bank, using Value at Risk (VaR) and Risk Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) approaches. VaR is employed to measure the net return of mudharabah deposit, meanwhile RAROC is used for measuring the net bank profitability. This research is expected to give information for investors about financial and capital risk of their investment on Islamic banking industry, in term of deposits, share or Islamic bond. The object of this research is the financial reports of Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) for three years, 2004 to 2006. VaR analysis shows that return on Mudharabah deposit at the BSM is stable enough for the period of observation. It means that the loss potential is low. In 2006, The relationship between VaR (zero) and gross expected return on Mudharabah deposit for three months is prospective if it is compared by 2004 and 2005 years. On the other hand, RAROC analysis shows that the profit potential of BSM has been declined during three years, 2004 to 2006. The low level and fluctuation of the level of non-performing financing (NPF) already brought BSM to the lower capital risk.

Keywords: Investment, Value at Risk, Risk Adjusted Return on Capital, mudharabah deposits, potential loss, Bank Syariah Mandiri

Zakat (Alms-Giving) Management In Indonesia: Whose Job Should It Be?

Zulkipli Lessy

Abstract

Zakat has been the source of Islamic social welfare for centuries. How zakat is linked with Islamic social welfare will be analyzed both as religious teachings and as actual practices in Indonesia. The problems of zakat in Indonesia which will be highlighted are: a failure to reach the target level; the problem of zakat versus tax; and the problem of Acts No. 38 Year 1999. This paper will discuss the roles of Rumah Zakat Indonesia (RZI) in trying to eradicate poverty. This paper concludes that private zakat institutions have tremendous efforts to improve the welfare of Indonesia. The government, however, wants to enact legislature to ensure that private zakat institutions are under state control. This paper suggests that the government and private zakat institutions should collaborate instead of competing with each other.

Keywords: Zakat, infaq, shadaqah, waqf, qurban, BAZ, LAZ, Islamic welfare.

Book Review Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Membendung Dampak Krisis Keuangan Global 2008

Uzaifah

Buku ini adalah sarana pemerintah guna mendapatkan kesatuan aksi dengan masyarakat. Pemerintah Indonesia berharap rakyat bisa mengerti tujuan dari kebijakan-kebijakan yang diambil pemerintah dalam rangka penyelamatan perekonomian Indonesia dari efek domino krisis keuangan global tahun 2008 ini. Pemerintah juga berharap agar rakyat berpartisipasi aktif mendukung program pemerintah tersebut sehingga proses penyelamatan ekonomi dapat lebih cepat terwujud. Dibalik dari sisi konten buku ini yang sangat bermanfaat bagi usaha peningkatan kualitas komunikasi antara pemerintah dan rakyat, hendaknya untuk edisi cetak berikutnya tim penulis lebih menjaga konsistensi tulisan. Tim penulis masih belum konsisten menyampaikan informasi dengan menggunakan kata atau istilah yang berbeda, yaitu pada saat menerangkan kebijakan berbagai negara dalam mengatasi dampak krisis keuangan global, penulis menggunakan kata “menurun” untuk perubahan angka dari yang rendah ke tinggi, sedangkan pada halaman berikutnya, istilah “menurun” digunakan untuk perubahan angka dari yang tinggi ke rendah.

Editorial La_Riba Vol. 2, No. 1, Juli 2008

Dari tiga negara di Asia yang terkena krisis ekonomi, Indonesia-lah yang tergolong paling lambat mengalami pemulihan ekonominya, meskipun bila dilihat dari trend-nya Indonesia berada dalam track yang sama. Ada beberapa penjelasan yang membuat perekonomian Indonesia bergerak sangat lambat. Pertama, kehancuran perekonomian yang diperparah dengan hancurnya sektor perbankan. Kedua, kelumpuhan kebijakan moneter dalam menggerakkan kembali permintaan domestik.

Fenomena ini juga dialami oleh negara lain, namun karena tingkat kehancuran sektor perbankan di negara lain tidak separah di Indonesia, sehingga perbankan negara di luar Indonesia masih dapat berfungsi dan kebijakan moneter yang berkaitan dengan transmission mechanism masih dapat berjalan walaupun tidak optimal.

Terdapat berbagai penjelasan mengenai lambatnya proses pemulihan ekonomi yang terjadi di Indonesia, antara lain adanya fenomena reformasi ekonomi. Reformasi ekonomi pada dasarnya dilakukan untuk merubah secara fundamental dan permanen cara kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi diorganisasikan dan diregulasikan. Tujuannya tidak lain adalah memperbaiki cara perekonomian agar bekerja lebih efisien sehingga makin banyak masyarakat yang mengalami perbaikan kesejahteraan ekonominya.

Sehubungan dengan itu ekonomi Islam dipandang sebagai suatu sistem ekonomi yang kredibel, yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap perbaikan kesejahteraan ekonomi di Indonesia. Hal ini didukung oleh perbedaannya dengan sistem ekonomi kapitalisme dan sosialisme baik secara ontologi, epistemologi dan sisi aksiologinya. Perbedaan tersebut membuat ekonomi Islam memandang bahwa sistem ini lebih superior dibandingkan sistem-sistem lain. Tentunya pandangan ini menyisakan sebuah pertanyaan penting. Jika benar sistem ekonomi Islam superior, tentunya ia akan lebih mampu mengatasi masalah dan tantangan perekonomian yang sedang terjadi.

Oleh karena itu dalam edisi kali ini beberapa penulis berpartisipasi dalam upaya menjawab tantangan pemulihan ekonomi di Indonesia. Di antaranya adalah, Zuly Qodir menggagas tentang Islam, Muhammadiyah dan Advokasi Kemiskinan, Dr Asad Zaman, mendiskripsikan tentang persoalan-persoalan mendasar yang dihadapi ekonom muslim dewasa ini, Rahmani Timorita Yulianti menulis tentang Asas-asas Perjanjian (Akad) dalam Hukum Kontrak Syari’ah, adapun Dadan Muttaqien mendiskripsikan tentang ReformasiRegulasi dan Kelembagaan Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia, sedangkan Asnaini menulis tentang Pengembangan Mutu SDM Perbankan Syariah, Ali Amin Isfandiar mendiskusikan tentang Tinjauan Fiqih Mu’amalat dan Hukum Nasional tentang Wakaf di Indonesia, Yunanto tentang Analisis Kinerja Keuangan, Maulana Hamzah tentang Pengembangan Perbankan Syari’ah dan Book Review oleh Yusdani.

Dalam penerbitan edisi yang akan datang, La_Riba mengangkat tema Ekonomi Islam pasca Disahkannya Undang-Undang Perbankan Syari’ah No. 21 Tahun 2008 untuk itu redaksi menanti partisipasi para pembaca untuk menuangkan gagasannya.

Redaksi

 

Daftar Isi La_Riba Vol. 2, No. 1, Juli 2008

 

The Critical Mission of Muslim Economist

Asad Zaman

Abstrak

Persoalan mendasar yang dihadapi para ekonom muslim dewasa ini adalah apakah mereka siap menghadapi tantangan untuk membangun suatu sistem Islami yang ideal? Bisakah mereka menawarkan suatu konsep tentang tata cara mengislamkan sistem kenegaraannya? Menghadapi persoalan-persoalan tersebut, penulis artikel ini mempunyai kehawatiran tentang ketidakmampuan dan ketidaksiapan kaum muslimin untuk memberikan jawabannya karena kenyataannya betapa perbedaan pendapat di kalangan kaum muslimin amat tajam, dan hampir sulit untuk mencapai suatu konsensus termasuk dalam bidang ekonomi Islam dan gambaran yang jelas tentang sistem ekonomi Islam dan sekaligus prakteknya. Dengan demikian, problema ekonomi Islam mencakup sisi konsep dasar sistem ekonomi dan sekaligus implementasi nyata dari konsep dasar tersebut.

Keywords: muslim economist, Islamic system, concept and critical mission.

 

Reformasi Regulasi dan Kelembagaan Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia

Dadan Muttaqien

Abstract

The regulation and Islamic economic institution in Indonesia reform in acc ordance with society demands. Th is development implies the positive response of government. One of this is the decree the regulation regarding Shari’ah banking in Indonesia. Besides, it also prepare the institution has authority to handle the acts and its implementation regulation for instance Islamic ( religion ) Court. Th is condition needs human resources of Islamic court who have qualification especially to handle the cases of Islamic economic. Hence, Islamic court resources besides master marriage law, inheritance law, they also should master the law regarding Islamic economic as new jurisdiction of Islamic court in Indonesia.

Keywords: reformasi, regulasi, ekonomi Islam, dan peradilan agama

 

Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah Secara Objektif dan Rasional dengan Pendekatan Mekanisme Pasar

Maulana Hamzah

Abstract

This article explain about the fact of shari’a banking at indonesia, many people save his money under the ideal theory of economic system but in parctice, often to be irrasional. Expalining about the fact acc ording to quality and quantity, by research to internal of islamic banking as supply and society from any culture and religion as demand. Th e evidence of equilibrium between it can be looked in market mechanism, and this hope also need to fiscal policy. Th erefore by analyze to importent variabel of market, will be descript the shari’a banking development in the future. And the maslahah that promoted by islamic economic not stopped in ideal site but become the brand of them base on rasional and objectif site.

Keyword: shari’ah banking, market mechanism, fiscal policy, ideal, dan rasional

 

Pengembangan Mutu SDM Perbankan Syari’ah: Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Ekonomi Islam

Asnaini

Abstract

The article below tries to describe and evaluate the problem of human resources in particu lar in Shari’ah banking. Generally the qualified human resources in Indonesia are rarely and still limited including in the field of Shari’ah banking. It is urgent need in the field of Shari’ah banking the qualification of human resources at least they master in the basic horizon of Islamic banking principles. Th is challenge and the condition need developing Islamic economics educ ation. Th e universities in Indonesia have an opportunity and chance to develop the Islamic institutions of education in acc ordance with market needs.Th e goal of those is to produc e qualified, professional, honesty, and responsible human resources.

Keywoprds: mutu, SDM, perbankan Syari’ah dan ekonomi Islam.

 

Tinjauan Fiqh Muamalat dan Hukum Nasional tentang Wakaf di Indonesia

Ali Amin Isfandiar

Abstract

Waqf is one of philanthropy institutions in Islam. Debates on which have been coloring of dynamical thought of Islam law, occurred since classical Islamic scholar until modern one. Topics is concerning with existence of waqif, mauquf uf ‘alaih (nadzir), mauquf (object), and sighat (proclamation). Fiqh and Indonesian rule, called UU (red. Act) are giving deepest attention and analysis. Th e latest makes combination and accommodation to reconstruct and widen of the implementation scope of waqf. It is due to reinterpretation derived from earliest concept, and public welfare reached is as final objective of its philanthropy based on new interpretation. Th is paper is also going to elaborate some new issues like cash waqf (waqf al-nuqud) dan productive waqf, emerged from lack of professionalism and mismanagement of waqf object. Th ese elaborations presented to analysis content substance of the Act 41/2004 as compromised solution conducted by the Rule.

Kata Kunci: waqf al-nuqud, filantropi, dan wakaf produktif

 

Pengaruh Pendayagunaan Zakat Produktif terhadap Pemberdayaan Mustahiq pada LAZ Yayasan Solo Peduli Surakarta

Mila Sartika

Abstract

The following article originates from the result of the field research. Th e research has been conducted in LAZ ( Lembaga Amail Zakat ) Yayasan Solo Peduli Surakarta. LAZ Yayasan Solo Peduli Surakarta constitutes one of the biggest LAZ at Surakarta. Th e main problem of this research is the influence of produc tive zakat fu nd toward mustahiq. Th e research design is quantitative and its analysis is statistic by using a simple regression. Th e result of this research revealed that the produc tive zakat fu nd for year 2007 influence on mustahiq income significantly. Th e significant level or its grade reaches 0,045 or sig < 0.05. In other words there is a positive correlation between productive zakat fund toward mustahiq income

Keywords: pendayagunaan, zakat produktif, pemberdayaan, dan mustahiq.

 

Asas-Asas Perjanjian (Akad) dalam Hukum Kontrak Syari’ah

Rahmani Timorita Yulianti

Abstract

One of the basic principle of the transaction in Islamic law is the freedom of the contract.By this principle, Moslem community have freedom to create, to modify or to innovate the forms of aqd as long as do not contradict to the basic and the goal of Islamic legislation. Thu s, the field of social affairs of Islamic law can develop dynamically and answer the the cases of the contemporary economics affairs. In order to answer those problems the Islamic jurists beside master the basic principles of Islamic law and aslo master the social affairs aspect of the contemporary of economics.Th ose principles of course differ from those of the field of ritual personal matters in Islamic law.

Keywords: asas perjanjian, hukum kontrak syari’ah, dan asas kebebasan berkontrak.

 

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah Mandiri Periode 2002-2007 (dengan Pendekatan PBI No. 9/1/PBI/2007)

Yunanto Adi Kusumo

Abstract

Bank credibility could be seen from its financial performance. One of the large Islamic bank in Indonesia is Bank Syariah Mandiri. Th is research aims to know financial performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri for period 2002 to 2007. Th is research is a quantitative research, using descriptive analysis. Th e analysis exercise the Regulation of Bank Indonesia No. 9/1/PBI/2007 comprising the assessment system of the soundness of Islamic bank in Indonesia, including: capital, quality of productive asset, management, earning, liquidity and also sensitivity to market risk (CAME LS). However this research only analysis the financial aspect, without management criterion. Th e result of this research reveales that capital ratio is very strong, ratio of quality of productive asset is good enough, earning ratio is very good, liquidity ratio is very strong and sensitivity to market risk ratio is very weak. Financial performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri as a whole pertaines the goodness.

Keyword: financial performance, quality of produc tive asset, earning, liquidity, dan sensitivity to market risk.

 

Islam, Muhammadiyah dan Advokasi Kemiskinan

Zuly Qodir

Abstract

The poverty data of Indonesian that hown by World Bank November 2006 tend to increase. Th e problem of poverty denotes reality and fact in Indonesia. Th e majority of Indonesian constitutes Moslem. According to social researcher there are several impact of the proverty toward religion fundamentalism and religion conversion. In this sense, Muhammadiyah movement in Indonesia there is a popular terminology in term of this organization concerns regarding poverty solving, that is the al-ma’un theology. Ahmad Dahlan as a founder of the above organization derived the concept of al-ma’un including three activities: educ ation, healthy and helping orphan.Th e main three programs have revealed that Miuhammadiyah denotes religion social organization has involved in solving the poverty problem.

Keywords: al-ma’un, Islam, kemiskinan, dan teologi.

 

Book Review Negara Berkembang vs Neoliberalisme

Yusdani

Dengan membaca buku Confessions of an Economic Hit Man dan The Secret History of American Empire karya John Perkins ini, terkuaklah hegemoni dan kepentingan neoliberalisme. Oleh karena itu, dengan belajar dari pengakuan jujur John Perkins tersebut, ada tiga resiko besar yang harus dihadapi oleh rakyat dalam sebuah negara yang sudah “dikudeta” oleh neoliberalisme.

 

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